The ecosystem represents the unity of biocenosis and biotopes. The living community in nature must occupy some space where members of that community meet their needs: moving, taking food, breathing, finding shelter and protection, etc. This area is called biotope and is inhabited by members of the respective biocenosis. Biocenosis…

Islands can be volcanic and coral origin. Usually there are two types, islands on the atoll which are flat up to a few meters above sea level, they are actually at sea level. But isolated islands that are flat, have their own reef, and coral sand deposits that accumulate over…

Atolls always have a lagoon, reef with or without islands. They can also be partially submerged. The lagoon can be opened and closed. An open lagoon has one or more aisles that supply water to the lagoon. There are various fish passing there, and people use it for navigation, if…

Plankton exists in all possible shapes and sizes. The smallest forms are like bacteria, and they are phytoplankton. There are tiny zooplankton as well, but also those which can be up to 9 meters long, like some jellyfish that cannot swim actively, but just float with electricity, and count as…

Corals (Anthozoa) are incandescent bulbs that have only the form of polyps, solitary or colonial, but always sessile (attached to the substrate). Their body is cylindrical in shape with a mouth opening in the shape of a crack around which the tentacle wreath is. The oral opening is located at…

To understand the problems and damage to ecosystems on atolls, we must first see what an atoll is and how it is created. (Atoll Taiaro, French Polynesia) An atoll is a coral reef that is usually oval, circular in shape. The atoll usually contains coral sediments (deposits) with lush tropical…

Water is a transparent fluid that forms rivers, lakes, oceans and rain. It is the main constituent of the fluid of living beings. As a chemical compound, a water molecule contains one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Except in the liquid state, water on Earth often occurs in the…

Tropical regions are considered to be the regions around the Equator. Above and below the Equator (0 degrees) to 23.27 degrees North (Tropic of Cancer) and South (Tropic of Capricon). Up to 35 degrees is approximately a subtropical zone. Tropical regions make up 40% of the Earth's region, vast amounts…